Betty Grable
| Betty Grable | |
|---|---|
 in How to Marry a Millionaire (1953) |
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| Born | Elizabeth Ruth Grable December 18, 1916 , U.S. |
| Died | July 2, 1973 (aged 56) , U.S. |
| Other names | Frances Dean |
| Occupation | Actress, dancer, singer |
| Years active | 1929–1956 |
| Spouse | Jackie Coogan (m. 1937–1939) (divorced) Harry James (m. 1943–1965) (divorced) 2 children |
Betty Grable (December 18, 1916 – July 2, 1973) was an American actress, dancer and singer.[1]
Her iconic bathing suit photo made her the number-one pin-up girl of the World War II era. It was later included in the LIFE magazine project "100 Photos that Changed the World". Grable was particularly noted for having the most beautiful legs in Hollywood and studio publicity widely dispersed photos featuring them. Hosiery specialists of the era often noted the ideal proportions of her legs as: thigh (18.5") calf (12"), and ankle (7.5"). Grable's legs were famously insured by her studio for $1,000,000 with Lloyds of London.
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Early life
She was born Elizabeth Ruth Grable in St. Louis, Missouri to John Conn Grable (1883–1954) and Lillian Rose Hofmann (1889–1964).[2] She was the youngest of three children.
Most of Grable's immediate ancestors were American, but her distant heritage was of Dutch, Irish, German and English stock.[3][4] She was propelled into the acting profession by her mother. For her first role, as a chorus girl in the film Happy Days (1929), Grable was only 12 years old (legally underage for acting), but, because the chorus line performed in blackface, it was impossible to tell how old she was. Her mother soon gave her a make-over which included dyeing her hair platinum blonde.
Career
For her next film, her mother got her a contract using a false identification. When this deception was discovered, however, Grable was fired. Grable finally obtained a role as a 'Goldwyn Girl' in Whoopee! (1930), starring Eddie Cantor. Though Grable received no billing, she led the opening number, "Cowboys." Grable then worked in small roles at different studios for the rest of the decade, including the Academy Award-winning The Gay Divorcee (1934), starring Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers, where she was prominently featured in the number "Let's K-nock K-nees".
In the late 1930s, Grable signed a contract with Paramount Pictures, starring in several B movies, mostly portraying co-eds. Despite playing leads, the typecasting proved to hurt her career more than it was helpful.[5] In 1939, Grable appeared with her then husband, Jackie Coogan (married in 1937), in Million Dollar Legs, from which her nickname is taken. They divorced later that same year (October 1939). After small parts in over 50 Hollywood movies through the 1930s, Grable finally gained national attention for her stage role in the Cole Porter Broadway hit Du Barry Was a Lady (1939). When her contract at Paramount expired, Grable decided to quit acting, being fed up with appearing in college films. In a 1940 interview, she said:
- "I was sick and tired of it. I'd made up my mind to leave show business altogether. So I retired - and then came an offer, unsolicited, to go on a personal appearance tour. I went. Next thing I knew, Mr. Zanuck had seen my picture in the paper and offered me a contract at a lot more money. I took it. Then came Buddy DeSylva with a part in his Broadway show Du Barry Was a Lady. Mr. Zanuck said I could take it if I wanted to. I did. The show was successful. Then as if all this weren't enough, Alice Faye fell ill just before Down Argentine Way was to start and I was drafted to fill her shoes. If that's not luck I don't know what you'd call it. But that's how it's been all my life. I've had contracts with four studios in 10 years and each time I left one or was dropped, I stepped into something better."[6]
Grable became 20th Century Fox's top star during the decade. She appeared in Technicolor movies such as Down Argentine Way (1940), Moon Over Miami (1941) (both with Don Ameche), Springtime in The Rockies (1942), Coney Island (1943) with George Montgomery, Sweet Rosie O'Grady (1943) with Robert Young, Pin Up Girl (1944), Diamond Horseshoe (1945) with Dick Haymes, The Dolly Sisters (1945) with John Payne and June Haver. Mother Wore Tights (1947), her most popular film, was with her favorite costar, Dan Dailey.
It was during her reign as box office queen in 1943 that Grable posed for her famous pinup photo, which (along with her movies) soon became escapist fare among GIs fighting in World War II. The image was taken by studio photographer Frank Powolny.[7] It was rumored that the particular pose and angle were chosen to hide the fact that Grable was pregnant at the time of the photo.
Starting in 1942, Grable was named in the top 10 box office draws for 10 consecutive years. For seven of those ten years, she was top female-box office star. In 1943, she was named the #1 movie box office attraction. By the end of the 1940s Grable was the highest-paid female star in Hollywood, receiving $300,000 a year. Grable was even the heroine of a novel, Betty Grable and the House with the Iron Shutters, written by Kathryn Heisenfelt, published by Whitman Publishing Company in 1943. While the heroine is identified as the famous actress, the stories are entirely fictitious. The story was probably written for a young teenage audience and is reminiscent of the adventures of Nancy Drew. It is part of a series known as "Whitman Authorized Editions", 16 books published between 1941-1947 that featured a film actress as heroine.[8]
Her postwar musicals included: That Lady in Ermine (1948) with Douglas Fairbanks Jr., When My Baby Smiles at Me (1948) again with Dailey, Wabash Avenue (1950) (a remake of Grable's own Coney Island) with Victor Mature, My Blue Heaven (1950), and Meet Me After the Show (1951). Studio chief Darryl F. Zanuck lavished his star with expensive Technicolor films, but also kept her busy — Grable made nearly 25 musicals and comedies in 13 years. Her last big hit for Fox was How to Marry a Millionaire (1953) with Lauren Bacall and Marilyn Monroe. Grable next starred in Three for the Show (1955) with Jack Lemmon; this film was one of her last musicals.
Grable's later career was marked by feuds with studio heads. At one point, in the middle of a fight with Zanuck, she tore up her contract and stormed out of his office. By 1953, Zanuck was grooming Marilyn Monroe to replace Grable as the Fox's resident sex symbol. Far from feeling threatened, on the set of How to Marry a Millionaire Grable famously said to Monroe, "go and get yours, honey! I've had mine". It was at this point that Grable lost her father 'Conn' Grable in 1954, at age 71.
Grable returned to the studio for one last film, How to Be Very, Very Popular (1955) with Sheree North. Following this, Grable hoped to secure the role of Miss Adelaide in the film version of the musical Guys and Dolls. However, when producer Samuel Goldwyn learned that Grable skipped a meeting with him because one of her dogs had taken ill, he became incensed and removed her from consideration. Vivian Blaine, who had originated the role on Broadway, was ultimately cast.
Having left movies entirely, she made the transition to television and starred in Las Vegas. It was in these transition years to stage, when Betty lost her mother Lillian in 1964, at age 75. By 1967, she took over the lead in the touring company of Hello, Dolly!. She starred in a 1969 musical called Belle Starr in London, but it was savaged by critics and soon folded.
Grable's last role was Billie Dawn in Born Yesterday, at the Alhambra Dinner Theatre in Jacksonville, Florida in February 1973.[9]
Personal life
In 1937, Grable married another famous former child actor, Jackie Coogan. He was under considerable stress from a lawsuit against his parents over his childhood earnings and the couple divorced in 1939.
In 1943, she married trumpeter Harry James. The couple had two daughters, Victoria and Jessica. They endured a tumultuous 22-year marriage that was plagued by alcoholism and infidelity. The couple divorced in 1965. Grable entered into a relationship with a dancer, Bob Remick, several years her junior. Though they did not marry, their romance lasted until the end of Grable's life.
Death
Grable died July 2, 1973, of lung cancer at age 56 in Santa Monica, California. Her funeral was held July 5, 1973, 30 years to the day after her marriage to Harry James — who, in turn, died on what would have been his and Grable's 40th anniversary, July 5, 1983. She was interred in Inglewood Park Cemetery, Inglewood, California, in the Mausoleum of the Golden West, Sanctuary of Dawn section, with her mother Lillian, alongside her father 'Conn' Grable. Sister Marjorie Grable-Arnold joined them in their family crypt upon her death at 71, in 1980.
Among the Who's Who of Hollywood attending her funeral were Harry James, Dorothy Lamour, Shirley Booth, Mitzi Gaynor, Johnnie Ray, Cesar Romero, George Raft, Alice Faye and Dan Dailey. "I Had the Craziest Dream," the haunting ballad Betty introduced in "Springtime in the Rockies," was played on the church organ.
Posthumous recognition
Grable has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6525 Hollywood Boulevard. She also has a star on the St. Louis Walk of Fame, and was inducted into the Hall of Famous Missourians in 2009.
Hugh Hefner, founder of Playboy noted on National Public Radio's Morning Edition on April 23, 2007, in an interview with Terry Gross that Grable was his inspiration for founding the Playboy empire.
Filmography
1929–1939
| Year | Title | Role | Director | Co-stars | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1929 | Happy Days | Chorus Girl | Benjamin Stoloff | Charles Evans, Marjorie White, Richard Keene | Uncredited |
| 1930 | Let's Go Places | Chorine | Frank R. Strayer | Joseph Wagstaff, Lola Lane | Uncredited |
| New Movietone Follies of 1930 | Chorine | Benjamin Stoloff | El Brendel, Marjorie White | Uncredited | |
| Whoopee! | Goldwyn Girl | Thornton Freeland | Eddie Cantor, Ethel Shutta, Eleanor Hunt | Uncredited | |
| 1931 | Kiki | Goldwyn Girl | Sam Taylor | Mary Pickford | Uncredited |
| Palmy Days | Goldwyn Girl | A. Edward Sutherland | Charlotte Greenwood, Barbara Weeks, Spencer Charters | Uncredited | |
| 1932 | The Greeks Had a Word for Them | Hat Check Girl | Lowell Sherman | Joan Blondell, Madge Evans, Ina Claire | Uncredited |
| Probation | Ruth Jarrett | Richard Thorpe | John Darrow, Sally Blane | Grable's first credited role | |
| The Age of Consent | Student at Dormitory | Gregory La Cava | Dorothy Wilson, Arline Judge | Uncredited | |
| Hold 'Em Jail | Barbara Jones | Norman Taurog | Bert Wheeler, Edna May Oliver, Robert Armstrong | ||
| The Kid from Spain | Goldwyn Girl | Leo McCarey | Eddie Cantor, Lyda Roberti, Robert Young | Uncredited | |
| 1933 | Cavalcade | Girl on couch | Frank Lloyd | Diana Wynyard, Clive Brook, Una O'Connor | Uncredited |
| Child of Manhattan | Lucy McGonegle | Edward Buzzell | Nancy Carroll, John Boles | ||
| Melody Cruise | First Stewardess | Mark Sandrich | Charles Ruggles, Phil Harris | Uncredited | |
| What Price Innocence? | Beverly Bennett | Willard Mack | Jean Parker, Minna Gombell, Willard Mack | ||
| The Sweetheart of Sigma Chi | Band Singer with Ted Fio Rito | Edwin L. Marin | Mary Carlisle, Buster Crabbe | ||
| 1934 | The Gay Divorcee | Dance Specialty | Mark Sandrich | Fred Astaire, Ginger Rogers | |
| Student Tour | Cayenne | Charles Reisner | Jimmy Durante, Charles Butterworth, Maxine Doyle | ||
| By Your Leave | Frances Gretchell | Lloyd Corrigan | Frank Morgan, Genevieve Tobin | ||
| 1935 | The Nitwits | Mary Roberts | George Stevens | Bert Wheeler, Robert Woolsey | |
| Old Man Rhythm | Sylvia | Edward Ludwig | Charles 'Buddy' Rogers, George Barbier | ||
| 1936 | Collegiate | Dorothy | Ralph Murphy | Joe Penner, Jack Oakie, Ned Sparks | |
| Follow the Fleet | Trio Singer | Mark Sandrich | Fred Astaire, Ginger Rogers | ||
| Don't Turn 'em Loose | Mildred Webster | Benjamin Stoloff | Lewis Stone, James Gleason, Bruce Cabot | ||
| Pigskin Parade | Laura Watson | David Butler | Stuart Erwin, Patsy Kelly, Judy Garland | The only film in which Grable appeared with Judy Garland. | |
| 1937 | This Way Please | Jane Morrow | Robert Florey | Charles 'Buddy' Rogers | |
| Thrill of a Lifetime | Gwen | George Archainbaud | The Yacht Club Boys | ||
| 1938 | College Swing | Betty | Raoul Walsh | George Burns, Gracie Allen, Martha Raye, Bob Hope, Edward Everett Horton | |
| Give Me a Sailor | Nancy Larkin | Elliott Nugent | Bob Hope, Jack Whiting, Martha Raye | ||
| Campus Confessions | Joyce Gilmore | George Archainbaud | Eleanore Whitney, William Henry | Grable received top billing for the first time | |
| 1939 | Man About Town | Susan Hayes | Mark Sandrich | Jack Benny, Dorothy Lamour | |
| Million Dollar Legs | Carol Parker | Nick Grinde | John Hartley, Donald O'Connor, Jackie Coogan, Dorothea Kent | Co-starred Jackie Coogan who Grable was married to at the time | |
| The Day the Bookies Wept | Ina Firpo | Leslie Goodwins | Joe Penner |
1940–1955
| Year | Title | Role | Director | Co-stars | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1940 | Down Argentine Way | Glenda Crawford/Glenda Cunningham | Irving Cummings | Don Ameche, Carmen Miranda, Charlotte Greenwood | Grable's first leading role. Alice Faye was originally set to star in the film, but had to withdraw due to illness |
| Tin Pan Alley | Lily Blane | Walter Lang | Alice Faye, John Payne, Jack Oakie | The only time Grable and Faye co-starred together in a feature film | |
| 1941 | Moon Over Miami | Kathryn 'Kay' Latimer | Walter Lang | Don Ameche, Robert Cummings, Carole Landis | |
| A Yank in the RAF | Carol Brown | Henry King | Tyrone Power | ||
| I Wake Up Screaming | Jill Lynn | H. Bruce Humberstone | Victor Mature, Carole Landis | Grable's only straight dramatic role | |
| 1942 | Song of the Islands | Eileen O'Brien | Walter Lang | Victor Mature, Jack Oakie | |
| Footlight Serenade | Pat Lambert | Gregory Ratoff | John Payne, Victor Mature, Jane Wyman | ||
| Springtime in the Rockies | Vicky Lane | Irving Cummings | John Payne, Carmen Miranda, Cesar Romero, Harry James | Grable's future husband Harry James appeared in the cast | |
| 1943 | Coney Island | Kate Farley | Walter Lang | George Montgomery, Cesar Romero | |
| Sweet Rosie O'Grady | Madeline Marlowe/Rosie O'Grady | Irving Cummings | Robert Young, Adolphe Menjou | ||
| 1944 | Four Jills in a Jeep | Herself | William A. Seiter | Kay Francis, Carole Landis, Alice Faye, Martha Raye, Carmen Miranda | |
| Pin Up Girl | Lorry Jones/Laura Lorraine | H. Bruce Humberstone | John Harvey, Martha Raye | ||
| 1945 | Diamond Horseshoe | Bonnie Collins | George Seaton | Dick Haymes, Phil Silvers, William Gaxton | |
| The Dolly Sisters | Yansci 'Jenny' Dolly | Irving Cummings | John Payne, June Haver | ||
| 1946 | Do You Love Me | Girl in Taxi (cameo) | Gregory Ratoff | Maureen O'Hara, Dick Haymes, Harry James | Grable had a cameo as a fan of Harry James's character |
| 1947 | The Shocking Miss Pilgrim | Cynthia Pilgrim | George Seaton | Dick Haymes, Anne Revere | |
| Mother Wore Tights | Myrtle McKinley Burt | Walter Lang | Dan Dailey, Mona Freeman | Grable's most successful film at the time and her personal favourite | |
| 1948 | That Lady in Ermine | Francesca/Angelina | Ernst Lubitsch, Otto Preminger (uncredited) | Douglas Fairbanks, Jr., Cesar Romero | Lubitsch died early into production. Preminger finished the film but insisted on Lubitsch receiving full credit |
| When My Baby Smiles at Me | Bonny Kaye | Walter Lang | Dan Dailey, Jack Oakie, June Havoc | Dailey received an Oscar nomination for Best Actor | |
| 1949 | The Beautiful Blonde from Bashful Bend | Winifred Jones | Preston Sturges | Cesar Romero, Rudy Vallee | |
| 1950 | Wabash Avenue | Ruby Summers | Henry Koster | Victor Mature, Phil Harris | Remake of Grable's earlier hit 'Coney Island' |
| My Blue Heaven | Kitty Moran | Henry Koster | Dan Dailey, David Wayne, Jane Wyatt, Mitzi Gaynor | ||
| 1951 | Call Me Mister | Kay Hudson | Lloyd Bacon | Dan Dailey, Danny Thomas | Remake of Grable's earlier hit 'A Yank in the RAF' |
| Meet Me After the Show | Delilah Lee | Richard Sale | Macdonald Carey, Rory Calhoun, Eddie Albert | ||
| 1953 | The Farmer Takes a Wife | Molly Larkins | Henry Levin | Dale Robertson, Thelma Ritter | |
| How to Marry a Millionaire | Loco Dempsey | Jean Negulesco | Marilyn Monroe, Lauren Bacall | Grable and Monroe's only film together. Monroe would become the top star of Hollywood throughout the 1950s just as Grable had done in the previous decade. | |
| 1955 | Three for the Show | Julie Lowndes | H.C. Potter | Jack Lemmon, Marge Champion, Gower Champion | |
| How to Be Very, Very Popular | Stormy Tornado | Nunnally Johnson | Sheree North, Robert Cummings, Charles Coburn, Tommy Noonan | Grable's last film |
Short subjects
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Box Office Popularity
The following table shows the box office attractions of each year from 1940 to 1951. Betty Grable appeared on this list every year except for 1946 as she had no films released that year. She topped the list 4 times in 1943, 1944, 1947 and 1948.
References
- ↑ Obituary Variety, July 4, 1973, page 63.
- ↑ "The Girl with the Million Dollar Legs". A Betty Grable Biography. Betty Grable Inc.. 2008. http://bettygrable.net/bio.
- ↑ http://worldconnect.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=geolarson2&id=I224911 Worldconnect.rootsweb.com
- ↑ http://grableonline.tripod.com/faq-2.html Grableonline.tripod.com
- ↑ "Hollywood Overlooks a Best Bet In Betty Grable; Others Don't" by Jimmie Fidler, St. Petersburg Times, August 2, 1940, p. 13
- ↑ "Betty Grable Says She's 'Plain Lucky'", Spokane Daily Chronicle, August 29, 1940, p. 16
- ↑ "Frank Powolny". New York Times. AP (Valencia). 1986-01-11. http://www.nytimes.com/1986/01/11/obituaries/frank-powolny.html. "(Powolny) was best known for the pin-up of Miss Grable that many G.I.'s carried during World War II. The photo showed the actress in swimsuit and pumps, peeking coyly over her shoulder."
- ↑ Whitman Authorized Editions for Girls
- ↑ Alhambra Dinner Theatre website: Inside scoop
External links
- Betty Grable at the Internet Movie Database
- Betty Grable at the TCM Movie Database
- Betty Grable at the Internet Broadway Database
- Betty Grable: A Tribute
- BettyGrable.net
- Vintage People
- Betty Grable Photo Tribute
- Betty Grable Portraits
- St. Louis Walk of Fame
- "Betty Grable". Find a Grave. http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=409. Retrieved August 11, 2010.